“Crime and the City” means many things to many people. As Urban Studies and Planning majors, crime may be examined at several levels. These could be:
* planning and design (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design – CPTED)
* as it relates to types of places (risky facilities, parks, public housing, schools, etc.)
* as it relates to demographics and neighborhood-level issues (social justice)
The field of environmental criminology encompasses relevant theories for this topic (see reference below). Some of these theories include crime pattern theory, routine activity approach, rational choice theory, and situational crime prevention. Other related crime theories and approaches include broken windows, problem-oriented policing, and crime prevention through environmental design. The article by Paul Cozens below, “New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs: A Review of the Evidence”, explores how environmental criminology theories like “crime prevention through environmental design” and tools such as the “crime risk assessment model” might be applied to New Urbanist ideas. The article by Paul Cozens and David Hillier below, “The Shape of Things to Come: New Urbanism, the Grid and the Cul-De-Sac”, suggests ways in which environmental criminologists, and city planners and administrators might collaborate to develop safer communities through new research and changes in policy. These two articles came from an individual at Eastern Kentucky Univ who is working with the City of Lexington to implement “Safe by Design” (based largely on the UK initiative “Secured by Design” (http://www.securedbydesign.com/).
Books, Articles, Papers
Cozens, Paul Michael (2008). “New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs: A Review of the Evidence”, Urban Policy and
Research, 26:4, 429-444. (see Cozens article attached as pdf below)
Cozens, Paul and Hillier, David (2008). “The Shape of Things to Come: New Urbanism, the Grid and the Cul-De-
Sac”, International Planning Studies, 13:1, 51- 73. (see Hillier and Cozens article attached as pdf below)
Eck, J. and D. Weisburd, Editors (1995). Crime and Place. Criminal Justice Press/Willow Tree Press. Monsey, NY.
Wortley, R. and L. Mazerolle, Editors (2008). Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis. Willan Publishing. United Kingdom.
Web Resources - Links and Data
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
Crime MAPS
SANDAG
Key Organization / Institutions
LISC’s Community Safety Initiative (CSI) hosted this first in a series of informative online sessions to help community planners, CDC representatives and property managers with their efforts to improve communities. This session examines the notion among crime analysts that space is one of the most important factors in determining if and how crimes occur.
http://www.lisc.org/content/calendar/detail/2043/
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